Learn it
Atoms contain positive protons and negative electrons. Usually they balance. When two materials rub together, electrons can move from one to the other, leaving one object negatively charged and the other positively charged. This build-up is static electricity.
Like charges repel; opposite charges attract. A charged balloon can stick to a wall or lift hair. A sudden jump of charge is an electric discharge, like the small shock from a doorknob, or, on a giant scale, lightning.
🔎 Amazing facts
- Lightning can heat the air to temperatures hotter than the surface of the Sun.
- Photocopiers and laser printers use static electricity to place toner on paper.
🧪 Try it: Balloon static lab
⚠️ Grown-up helper: Keep water away from electrical outlets and devices.
- Rub a balloon on your hair or a wool sweater for 10 seconds.
- Hold it near small bits of tissue paper and watch them jump.
- Hold it near a thin stream of tap water and watch the water bend.
- Try two charged balloons hanging on strings: do they attract or repel?
Think about it: Why do two balloons rubbed on the same sweater push apart?